Target Audience Research

Target audience
For our film our target audience research will be a 15+ film this is because we are doing horror and we want to include things that only 15 are suitable to watch. As it is a horror we are included conventions such as knife, blood an antagonist and in the woods, so the audience will have to understand that it will include some things that under fifteens can't watch.

For many horrors the target audience is normally an 18 with blood gore, evil antagonist, scary and dramatic non-diegtic sound and scary monsters and not suitable for people under 18.

In this pie graph it shows the different age groups that mainly watch a horror film. As we can see people over 50+ are least likely to watch a horror film as they are at 10%, this is because older generation are not interested really in that sort of genre. The highest age group is 19-24 year old they are the most likely age group to watch a horror film and to enjoy it as it is is more thrilling for that sort of age group with 37% of people liking horror films and in the middle 15- 18 years old, 25-34 years old and 35-49 years old are likely to watch horror films and still being suitable to watch them.

Certificate Research

Certificate Research 

Films normally have a certificate rating showing what age is suitable for the film, this shows us our target audience by seeing on the film the certificate rate.

U
U stands for universal this means a U film is suitable for an audience that is four and over. However, it is impossible to predict what might upset a particular child, especially at this lower end of the category range. A U film can explore a wide range of themes as long as the treatment is appropriate
for a young audience. This doesn't mean that all films rated U are children's films.

PG
PG stands for Parental Guidance, this means a film is suitable for general viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children. A PG film should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older. Parents should consider whether the content may upset younger, or more sensitive children. PG certificate means that any issues in the work are appropriate for the majority of this age group and nothing should upset a child eight or over.

12A
12A means 12 Accompanied/ Advisory this is suitable for those aged 12 and older (cinema only) they are also suitable for those under 12, but only if they are accompanied by an adult. 12A requires an adult to accompany any child under 12 seeing a 12A film at the cinema. This is enforced by cinema staff and a cinema may lose its lisense if an adult is not accompaniment is not enforced for children under 12 admitted to a 12A film. Accompanied viewing cannot be enforced in the home, so the 12 certificate remains for DVD/Blue-ray, rather than the 12A.

12
A 12 is suitable for people who are aged 12 and older. It is slightly similar to 12A rating but you have to be 12 years or over. The themes that may be suitable for is themes that are mature and but have to be suitable for young teenagers. The use of strong language is quite rare considering it is for young teenagers. Sexual context is allowed bu has to be very brief and discreet.

15
Suitable for people who are 15 and older. No themes are prohibited, provided the treatment is suitable for 15 year old. 15 films may include the following, Strong violence, Frequent language, Sexual Activity, Nudity this is all suitable for people 15 and older.

18
An 18 is suitable for anyone older than 18 as it may contain, strong violence, sexual activity, strong language, blood and gore and strong horror which isn't suitable for people under 18. Also now you have to have someone sort of ID to prove that you are 18 other wise you won't be able to watch this film.

Research On Our Chosen Genre

Genre Research

Horror
Our chosen genre for our film is horror, we decided to do horror because you can do a lot of creative things with it such as you can make everything look scary and realistic and it is fun to film. It also is able to let us use exciting props e.g knifes, gun, blood etc. Films such as Scream, The Exosist, Jaws and The Ring are films that we will watch to get some inspiration for sour film as the films create, drama, tension, fear and all the conventions of horror including an Antagonist and a Protagonist at battle which we need to see.


Conventions of Horror
Some of the conventions of horror is non-diegetic sound so that there is tension to the film, diegetic sound e.g the sound of you breathing heavy creates tension and fear. some key angle shots used effectively, and quick cut this shows the dramatic effect which makes it even more scary. An antagonist and a protagonist creating some fearful atmosphere in a scene together making the audience fear for the worse. Finally low key lighting to create a dark and gloomy atmosphere.

Different Types of Horror

Action Horror- Combining the intrusion of an evil force, event,or supernatural personage of horror movies with the gun fights and frantic chases. Themes or elements often prevalent in typical action-horror films include gore, demons,vicious animals, vampires and most commonly zombies.

Body Horror- In which the horror principally derived from the graphic destruction or degeneration of the body, Other types of body horror include unnatural movements, or the anatomically incorrect placement of limbs to create 'monsters' out of human parts.

Comedy Horror- Combines the elements of comedy and horror fiction. The comedy horror genre almost always inevitably crosses over with the the black comedy genre.

Horror Thriller- Type of film that blends the horror and thriller genres, this focusing on the suspense, tension, mystery and investigation element while having an emphasis on fear, terror and gore. Many horror films tend to cross over into the thriller genre due to their suspenseful and tense nature.

Physiological Horror- Relies on the characters fears, guilt, beliefs, eerie sound effects (non-diegectic), relevant music and emotional instability and at times,the supernatural and ghosts this is to build tension, scare and further the plot.

Science Fiction Horror- Often revolves around subjects that includes but are not limited to killer aliens, mad scientists, and or experiments gone wrong.

Super Natural Horror- includes menacing ghosts, demons or other depictions of supernatural occurrences. Often supernatural horror films combine elements of religion into the plot. Common themes include vengeful ghosts, witches and the devil

Gothic Horror- Is a type of story that contains elements of goth and horror. At times it may have a romance that unfolds in the setting of a horror tale, usually suspenseful.

Natural Horror- This features nature running amok in the form of mutated beasts, carnivorous insects and normally harmless animals or plants turned into cold-blooded killers

Analysis of I Am Legend

I Am Legend

I am legend is an American sci-fi film which is directed by Francis Lawrence starring the famous actor Will Smith. The story is set in New York City after a virus has wiped out most of mankind,leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune to the virus, which was originally created to cure cancer.he works to create a remedy while defending himself against the hostile mutants. In the opening it goes all silent and Neville (Will Smith) is in his dog emerges from the street in his car following these deer who are being preyed on by lions, as the city is being ruin Neville had to do something about it,at the end of the scene neville is shocked to see the amount of cars queuing up behind each other. The effect it has on the audience is that the audience doesn't really know what is happening so it is very interesting to find out and its also quite dramatic. The location and setting is set in New York City,in the opening you can see that the city is looking a bit torn apart and rough due to the infectious virus going around. The main character in the opening is Will Smith he is one of the most famous actor in the world and the audience will love that he is in a film that he is the main character, Will who plays Neville is with his dog in the car as the audience will love a man and a dogs relationship as it makes it so special and loving. The body language used is very tense and abrupt as he is going so fast in his car trying to get these antelope which it then makes the audience feel tense and make a dramatic effect on them

At the start of the opening scene it starts off very quietly, 40 seconds in you here the sound of the car and its engine this is used by using sound effects as you are hearing the engine as it moves and as the car goes fast the sound of the engine gets louder which makes it more dramatic and more real. This makes the audience feel more tension from the scene especially if it the engine gets louder and louder. There are many camera shots used in the opening scene such as a long shot at the start which outlooks the  whole of New York city,this is great as it gives the audience an insight of the location and how big it is. Also there is a high shot which overlooks the whole of the city from a high point of view over known as birds eye view. There are also close up shot of Nevilles face this shows his tense emotions in his face. The camera also tracks alongside when the car is moving this makes it more realistic and makes the audience feel like they are going the same speed as them. overall I am Legend is a great all time sci-fi action movie which brings drama and intense feeling towards the audience as you will never know what is going to happen next.

Analysis of Peter Pan

Peter Pan

Peter Pan is a classic children's movie in the opening scene we get introduced to the main character Peter Pan and his cute little fairy friend Tinkerbell who flies there way in to the town. This makes the audience who are a smaller generation of people e.g from the age of 1-11 as it is very child like with magical features which the children will love. Peter Pan is a mischievous boy who can fly and never grows up, Peter Pan spends his never ending childhood having adventures on the small island of Neverland as the leader of his gang, the Lost Boys, interacting with mermaids, Native American, fairies, pirates, and occasionally ordinary children from the world outside Neverland. The location is in a town where Peter meets 3 children who he makes them fly and takes them to Neverland and lets them into the life of Peter Pan. The main character in the opening is obviously Peter Pan and his friend Tinkerbell ,the audience expect to see Peter in the opening scene as he is the main character in the films his name is the title of the film. The little girls in this film will bound to like the character Tinkerbell as she is girly,cute and mysterious and everyone loves her. 

The sound in the film is non-diegectic sound which is visible to the screen. The first minute you hear a magical sound this is is sound effects been used this shows the audience that the film is going to be something magical. At the end of the opening scenes the music gets more thrilling and exciting and magical as the title of the film get reveled. It gets the children exciting as the opening scene builds up to the film properly starting and it is exciting for them especially if they love Peter Pan.The body language between Peter Pan and Tinkerbell is very friendly and they are happy and comfortable around each other and they make the audience excited to see them as they are two of the main characters

The shots used in opening scene are there is a camera zooming out from a cloud and transfers into a long shot of the sky which is a dark blue colour with sparkly stars to make even more magical. The camera then follows the movement of Tinkerbell flying to Peter this is called tracking. When she reaches Peter the camera goes into a close up shot, this shows Peter and Tinkerbell's facial expressions and how happy they are to see each other.Finally right at the end it goes into a low shot of a girl looking up into the sky. Overall Peter Pan is an all round great children's film with magical funny moments that children love and it makes the audience feel happy and the love they have for Peter and Tinkerbell

Analysis on Hairspray

Hairspray
Hairspray is probably one of my favourite films, it is just so fun and energetic and really shows you what life was like in the 60's and how the tension was between the white people and the black people and see how whites don't want to integrate with the black people. Luckily at the end of the film they all integrate and it is a bit show stopper. In the opening scene you see a bold bubbly girl called Tracy wake up to go to school, and she starts of by singing a really energetic welcoming song ( Good Morning Baltimore) which is very catchy and the words describes the area she lives in. This gets the audience all pumped as it is a good song and the audience are bound to sing along. Throughout the film there is loads of catchy songs some are emotional but it all goes with the story as the main story is about a 60's TV show called the 'Corny Collins show' only makes once a month black people can have a say for dancing and singing on the show. However Tracy Turnblad wants to change even if it makes her go into prison, Once Corny Collins ( James Marsden) figures out the black and white people are perfect at dancing together he declares integration towards the black and white people and makes it more energetic and happy.The main character in the opening scene is Tracy Turnblad (Nikki Blonsky) who is the main character in the film along side Link Larkin (Zac Efron), Edna Turnblad (John Travolta) and many more. Tracy makes a friendly welcome to our screen with a bit of comedy in the way she sings which makes the audience want laugh which is good as it makes the film really good. The location is Baltimore hence the name of the song 'Good Morning Baltimore' which is in America in the 60's.

The sound expressed in the opening clip is a very catchy song, this will make the audience want to sing along. This sort of sound is diagectic sound as it is visible to the screen. Hairspray expresses loads of catchy and fun songs as it is it is supposed to entertain the audience as it has been shown as a musical as well which the audience can see hairspray in a theatre rather than watching the film, this gives the people who haven't watched it have a chance. The body language that Tracy is expressing is very friendly to all the locals and she don't care what anyone think of her, it also give the audience a chance to see what it was like in the 60's in America.


The key shots used in the opening scene is a high shot which is at the very start of the scene where the camera is at a angle where you can see the whole of Baltimore then the camera zooms into the town and takes a medium shot of Tracy's house. As the song is about to start you see close up shot of Tracy getting ready for the day this shows the audience her daily morning routine and the facial expression in great detail. There is also a long shot of Tracy walking down the street this shows a bit more of the location. Also in the opening scene there is a window shot which shows Tracy's refection so the camera is filming behind Tracy's shoulder slightly to the left. In the opening scene there is panning movement to show the movement in which the character is moving. Overall Hairspray is a great all round family film it gives the audience entertainment and good catchy songs that you can sing along to and it is quite comedic so it is great film to watch
                                                                                                                                               

Preliminary Task

The Preliminary Task 
In this task we had to a series of Continuity such as 180 degree rule, Match shot and shot reverse shot. these 3 rules are included in our clip. The first shot we have done a long shot of me walking down the corridor this shows the surrounding around me and shows where I am walking from. We then focused on a match shot which was me opening the door handle from a close up shot this is also relates to continuity as it is showing a skill whilst using the camera. After the door handle shot the camera then focused on me walking into the next room from a different angle. As i sat down, me and Hannah were in a conversation and we did the conversation twice but on a 180 degree angle just behind our shoulders so you can see the other person. This is also called shot reverse shot as you are changing the camera angle from one side of the 180 degree line to another having the camera focusing on who is speaking. Once we film our preliminary task we then had to edit it to make it more realistic. We had to cut some of the shot we did to make it fir nicely into another shot. The most challenging is editing the conversation as we filmed the conversation twice from each side so we have to cut some of the conversation out so the camera looks like it is going back and forward.

Strengths and Weaknesses
One of the strengths we had was when we were filming we figured out where 180 degree shot would be and where the line is in the 180 degree shot. We also knew what to do with filming the match shot and shot reverse shot and where to position the camera in each shot we were able to film this in less then half and hour as we knew what we were doing and figured out each rule and where the camera should be positioned, we used a great location as it was quite quiet when we filmed so we had no disruptions which was quite good and also the shot we used were good and went with the rule. Our weakness was trying to edit the clip as we had to cut some of the shot we did especially when i came to try and edit the conversation as when we filmed it we filmed it twice 1st time with the camera just behind my shoulder so it focuses on Hannah speaking and the other one behind Hannah's back so the camera can focus on me speaking. So what we struggled to do is to try and cut some of the conversation, but in the end we tried to look like the camera was switching from one place to another so the camera is filming us from a sort of over the shoulder shot. To improve this film maybe we could of filmed me behind whilst i was walking as well as in front this could make it more effective and realistic and make the clip look a little bit better.

Rules of Continuity

Continuity
Continuity in filming, is a series of cutting and maintaining continuous and clear narrative action, by following a set of rules e.g 180 rule, Match Action, shot reverse shot and many more. The benefits of using these rules is that it has a more stable structure that looks more realistic, by breaking these rules your film/clip may look messy,unrealistic and can look quite confusing especially towards the audience.

180 Rule
The 180 rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. An imaginary line called the axis connects the characters and by keeping the camera on one side of this axis for every shot in the scene, the first character is always frame right of the second character, who is then always frame left of the first character. the camera passing over the axis is called jumping the line or crossing the line, breaking the 180- degree rule by shooting on all sides is known as shooting in the round. Overall using the 180-degree makes the shot more realistic when editing it all together.

The clip below explains the rules of the 180 degree rule and tips that may help you when you film and you need to understand where the line axis is and what will happen if you break this rule and how unrealistic it can be.

Match shot
Match shot is a cutting on action or matching on action refers to a film editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view which matches with the first shot. For example someone walking up to the door and opening the door handle. It cuts from one shot to another demonstrating, its normally used by 2 camera but you can use it with one camera but it means you have to get the camera angles and the mese-en-sen the same in every shot you do and you would have to edit it and it takes much longer. In this clip it shows the match on action shot and the way the camera get close up and changes to another shot

Shot Reverse Shot

Shot reverse shot or other known as shot/counter shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character on and off screen and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. It is a shot which shows the character looking over the shoulder or in the point of view. Since the characters are shown facing in the opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other, the shot is followed by a reverse camera shot of the character themselves looking at it.The shots you should have for a basic shot reverse shot are two shots of the character usually in a wide, medium shot or an over the shoulder shot.

In the clip it shows how the shot reverse shot works as as the two characters are having a conversation and the camera films at each shoulder point so the audience can see that the two characters are looking at each other. This clip is useful as it shows how shot reverse shot are like in films

Film Analyse

What are you doing here?

In the film we decided to do different shots in different locations. The first location we did was on the stairs we positioned the camera onto of the stairs and filmed a high angle of me and Caitlin  walking up to each other and saying 'What are you doing here' doing it from a high angle shot shows the whole location from a high point of view. Another shot we did was outside on the path, we positioned the camera on the bottom of the bank so we can produce a low angle shot the shot included me and Hannah walking up to each other. By doing a low angle shot we could see the scene from a low angle view which is always effective. The final shot we did was walking through the double doors this is a medium shot it included Caitlin and Hannah walking through the door from the opposite way, We decided to do a medium shot so we can see two or more people from a medium shot view. Overall we think we did three effective shots for our film.

The strengths that we have in are clip are that we used different effective shots such as high angle shot, low angle and a medium shot as they are some of the main shots they use in movies and tv shows.This is effective as you need the angle shots to make the clip more sufficient. Our weaknesses is probably the sound as in the low angle shot you can't really hear us speak as where we position the camera the sound of our voices wasn't as clear and understanding like the other shots as the camera was positioned at a low angle shot and as we replayed the shot back the camera hadn't really picked up our voices. To improve the clip maybe we can do a shot where the camera is more close up such as a close up shot, or just speaking a bit louder.

To edit the film clip we used Adobe which was quite useful as we could shorten the start of the scene and play around with the sound and put text in the clip. The bit that was challenging was playing around with the sound because one scene we couldn't really hear us so we tried to make us sound a bit louder as I think where the camera angle was the sound wasn't  as effective as any of the other shots. I think the easiest thing that we down was putting in the black background effects and putting in the writing and making going into each scene neat and effective. Overall I thought adobe was quite challenging as i haven't really used it before but when I got the hang of things I got quite used to using the software to make a good film clip